Medical and health care is an important priority area for China-South Sudan cooperation. Over the 15 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, bilateral cooperation in this sector has yielded fruitful results. China has completed the Renovation and Expansion Project (Phase I) of Juba Teaching Hospital and the Kiir Mayardit Women's Hospital in Rumbek，and has provided multiple batches of medical equipment, supplies, and pharmaceuticals, which have significantly improved South Sudan's medical and health infrastructure as well as the well-being of its people. The China-aided Project of Phase II of Expansion and Modernization of Juba Teaching Hospital is currently under construction, and is expected to be handed over and put into use by January 2027.

In the early 1970s, China carried out medical treatment activities in Juba, Wau, and Malakal in southern Sudan. In the year following South Sudan's independence, China dispatched its first medical team to the country. To date, China has sent a total of 13 batches of medical experts, who have provided diagnosis and treatment to over 100,000 patients in South Sudan, including more than 30,000 emergency rescues of critically ill patients, and performed more than 1,500 surgical operations in total. During the COVID-19 pandemic, China was the first country to provide anti-epidemic material assistance and dispatch an expert team to South Sudan. Since 2022, China and South Sudan have launched a paired hospital cooperation program, training local medical personnel and gradually extending medical services to the grassroots level in South Sudan.

China and South Sudan have frequent cooperation and interactions in the field of education and culture. China has officially handed over the China-aided Project of Broadcasting Facility to the SSBC in November 2024, and successfully implemented the Phase I and II of China-aided Technical Assistance Projects of Education, with millions of carefully compiled primary and secondary school textbooks delivered to Juba, over 920 teachers trained in China and nearly 150,000 students benefited from them. Since 2012, the Chinese government has helped build multiple primary and secondary schools and has continuously provided capacity-building training and government scholarship programs to South Sudan. Over 5,000 South Sudanese officials, technical personnel, students, and others have traveled to China for training and academic studies, contributing to building South Sudan’s talent pool and enhancing its capacity of self-driven development. Meanwhile, a Chinese Cultural Center has been established at the University of Juba. Chinese language teaching and a wide range of cultural activities have facilitated people-to-people exchanges between the two countries, and have received recognition and high praise from the South Sudanese government as well as from the faculty and students.